As the high incidence area of esophageal squamouscellcarcino­ ma (ESCC), China accounts for the most of ESCC cases world­ wide. Unlike Westerncountries where esophagealcancer mainly refers to esophageal adenocarcinoma, the predominant  histotype of esophagealcancer in China is squamous cell  carcinom a, which composed more than 90% of esophagea l can cer nation­ wide and exhibited obvious regional differences. The application of endoscopicultrasonography, PET-CT, and MRI have been employed to accurately assess the stage  of  esophagealcancer. For the treatment of esoph ageal cancer, advanced technolog ies SUch as neoadjuvant / definitiveconcurrentchemoradiotherapy, minimally invasive surgery, and photodynamictherapy have im­ mensely improv ed the overall survival and quality of life. Addi­ tionally, immunotherapy has been achieved  remarkable  results for the treatment of advanced esophagealcancer over the last de­ cade. This review thus provides a detailed summary of the latest progress on the se aspects.

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