With the rapid development in the field of tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) centered on programmed death ligand-1 (PD-Ll) have made significant progress in the centered on programmed death-1(PD-1) and PD-L1 have made significant progress in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Several studies have confirmed the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in the treatment of esophageal cancer, and have gradually changed the landscape for treating advanced esophageal cancer. At present, ICls have been widely used in the clinical treatment of esophagal cancer in China. To better guide the whole-process management of esophageal cancer ICIs application, and improve the scientificity and standardization of esophageal cancer ICIs application, the China Anti-cancer Association Esophageal Tumor Integration Rehabilitation Professional Committee organized domestic experts in related fields to systematically sort out the latest domestic and foreign guidelines and evidence-based medical evidence through multiple rounds of discussions and revisions, and reach a consensus among expert in this review by fully considered the specific situation of clinical practice in China.

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